You already know two halves of this: the present subjunctive of haber and the participle. Put them together and you get the tense for reacting to things that are already finished.
| Subject | haber | example |
|---|---|---|
| yo | haya | haya hablado |
| tú | hayas | hayas comido |
| él / ella / usted | haya | haya vivido |
| nosotros | hayamos | hayamos hablado |
| vosotros | hayáis | hayáis comido |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | hayan | hayan vivido |
The participles are the same ones you've used since B1, irregulars included: hecho, dicho, visto, escrito, puesto, vuelto, abierto, roto, muerto.
The trigger is identical — a wish, doubt, emotion or judgement. What changes is when the action happens. If it's already done at the moment you're speaking, you need this tense.
| Present subjunctive | Perfect subjunctive |
|---|---|
| Espero que vengas. | Espero que hayas venido. |
| Me alegro de que estés bien. | Me alegro de que hayas aprobado. |
| Dudo que lo sepa. | Dudo que lo haya sabido antes. |
| Es posible que llueva. | Es posible que haya llovido anoche. |
The timing test. Ask whether the action is still ahead or already behind. Espero que vengas looks forward to a visit that hasn't happened. Espero que hayas venido hopes that a visit already took place. Same trigger, different timeline.
It shows up in time clauses too. After cuando, en cuanto or después de que, the perfect subjunctive marks an action that will be complete before another future one: Cuando hayas terminado, hablamos.
Don't confuse haya with halla or allá. Haya is this verb form, halla is from hallar (to find), and allá means "over there." They sound alike and native speakers mix them up in writing all the time.
1.Me alegro de que ___ (aprobar, tú) el examen.
2.No creo que ellos ___ (terminar) todavía.
3.Which auxiliary does this tense use?
4.Es una pena que no ___ (poder, tú) venir a la fiesta.
5.Ojalá que no se ___ (olvidar, él) de la reunión.
6.Choose the sentence that hopes a visit ALREADY happened:
7.Dudo que ella lo ___ (hacer) sola.
8.Cuando ___ (terminar, tú), avísame.
9.Me sorprende que no te lo ___ (decir, ellos).
10.True or false: the participles here are different from those in the pretérito perfecto.
11.Es posible que ___ (llover) anoche.
12.No creo que vosotros ___ (ver) esa película.
Book a class with Ángel and practise reacting to news — this tense lives in exactly those conversations.