B2

Home · B2 · Relativas con Subjuntivo

Relativas con Subjuntivo

CEFR B2 · Lesson 5 of 9

The difference between the flat you've found and the flat you're still looking for — expressed entirely through the verb.

The core idea

You learned relative pronouns at B1. Now the mood of the verb inside the relative clause carries meaning: does the thing you're describing exist and is it known to you, or is it still hypothetical?

Known vs. unknown
Indicative — it existsSubjunctive — hypothetical
Tengo un piso que tiene balcón.Busco un piso que tenga balcón.
Conozco a alguien que habla ruso.Necesito a alguien que hable ruso.
Hay un restaurante que abre tarde.¿Hay algún restaurante que abra tarde?
Tengo un coche que funciona bien.Quiero un coche que no consuma mucho.

In the left column the thing is real and identified. In the right column it's a specification — a wish list — and may not exist at all.

Negative antecedents always take the subjunctive

If the thing explicitly doesn't exist, the subjunctive is obligatory: no hay nadie que, no conozco a nadie que, no hay nada que.

No hay nadie que sepa la respuesta.There's nobody who knows the answer.
No conozco a nadie que viva allí.I don't know anyone who lives there.
No hay nada que me guste más.There's nothing I like more.

A detail that gives you away

With people, the personal a tends to disappear when the person is hypothetical, and stays when they're specific. It's a small signal, but native speakers use it consistently.

The personal a
Specific personHypothetical person
Busco a mi profesor, que habla ruso.Busco un profesor que hable ruso.
Conozco a una chica que canta.Quiero conocer a alguien que cante.
💡

The existence test. Ask: could I point at it right now? If yes, indicative. If you're describing requirements for something you haven't found, subjunctive. Busco el libro que tiene tapa roja (a specific book I know exists) vs. Busco un libro que tenga tapa roja (any book meeting that description).

🔎

The article is a clue. A definite article (el, la) usually points at something identified → indicative. An indefinite one (un, una, algún) often introduces a specification → subjunctive. It's a tendency rather than a law, but it's a reliable first instinct.

Practice

Check your understanding

1.Busco un piso que ___ (tener) balcón. [haven't found one yet]

2.Tengo un piso que ___ (tener) balcón. [I live in it]

3.No hay nadie que ___ (saber) la respuesta.

4.Conozco a alguien que ___ (hablar) ruso.

5.Necesito a alguien que ___ (hablar) ruso.

6.Which sentence describes a flat the speaker has NOT found?

7.¿Hay algún restaurante por aquí que ___ (abrir) los domingos?

8.No conozco a nadie que ___ (vivir) en ese barrio.

9.Quiero un coche que no ___ (consumir) mucha gasolina.

10.True or false: a negative antecedent like "no hay nadie" can take the indicative.

11.Hay un chico en mi clase que ___ (tocar) el piano muy bien.

12.Me gustaría encontrar un trabajo que ___ (ser) más interesante.

Ready to practice this out loud?

Book a class with Ángel and describe what you're looking for — a job, a flat, a person. That's this structure in its natural habitat.

Book on Preply